Implementing the Strategy Pattern in ColdFusion

Posted by Dan | Posted in ColdFusion, Java | Posted on 05-02-2010

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In spirit of the amazing book Head First Design Patterns, I wanted to put together a ColdFusion example that depicts the Strategy pattern. Essentially, the Strategy Pattern lets you group related algorithms together so that an object is able to select which algorithm to run at runtime.

So let’s say for example you had a parent class that has two properties and two methods. You now create a subclass that inherits the parent class, meaning that it will gobble up all the properties and methods (whether you like it or not) from the parent class. You can’t choose, for example, what methods you subclass needs, even if some methods don’t make sense for your subclass. It’s an all-or-nothing solution. Yes, you can override, but what if there were 10 methods to override? Also, what if you had to create other types of subclasses – you’ll have to override those as well. Things can get a little sloppy at the end. That’s where the strategy pattern comes in.

With this pattern, you first think about related methods and algorithms. (One method can have various algorithms; different implementations for doing the same thing.) For this blog post’s example, we’ll think of different ways a SuperHero can punch. To keep things simple, let’s give him two ways (two different algorithms for punching) he can punch. He can punch normally, or he can punch you, which freezes you as well. Let’s UML this to make things clearer.

First what the lines mean:


Here’s the UML diagram for our SuperHero scenerio:


From the diagram, you can see that the SuperHero abstract class is able to choose a punch set of algorithms (a strategy). We also see that Punch and PunchFreeze are implementation classes (classes that serve to implement an interface). Both of them have a punch() method that return void (nothing) – in this example, they’ll do stuff, and not return anything.

To make things a little more interesting, and to follow closer the example in the Strategy Pattern chapter of the book, we’re going to also create a subclass called Freezer that inherits the SuperHero class. Also, we’ll create another strategy for kicking. Here’s what the UML for that looks like:


Here’s the CF code:

SuperHero.cfc

<cfcomponent>
 
<!--- This is our abstract class. Responsibility to implement is delegated to --->
<!--- classes that implement interfaces. --->
 
<cffunction name="init" access="public" returntype="SuperHero">  
  <!--- Some other init code goes here.  --->  
  <cfargument name="name" type="string">  
  <cfargument name="gender" type="string">  
  <cfset this.name = arguments.name />  
  <cfset this.gender = arguments.gender />  
  <cfreturn this />  
</cffunction>
 
<cffunction name="setPunchAlgorithm" access="public">
  <!--- The next two lines are key. It's where you set the implementation --->
  <!--- of punch from an object that's being passed in. --->
  <cfargument name="PunchAlgorithm" type="IPunchAlgorithm" required="true" />  
  <cfset this.punchAction = PunchAlgorithm.punch />
</cffunction>
 
<cffunction name="setKickAlgorithm" access="public">
  <cfargument name="KickAlgorithm" type="IKickAlgorithm" required="true" />  
  <cfset this.kickAction = KickAlgorithm.kick />
</cffunction>
 
<!--- This function will be overridden.  --->
<cffunction name="energyProject" access="public" returntype="SuperHero" >  
  You have been pointed at by a weak flash light.  
  <cfreturn this />
</cffunction>
 
</cfcomponent>

IPunchAlgorithm.cfc

<cfinterface>
 
<cffunction name="punch" access="public" />
 
</cfinterface>

Punch.cfc

<cfcomponent implements="IPunchAlgorithm">
 
<cffunction name="punch" access="public">
  You have been punched normally. Ouch.
</cffunction>
 
</cfcomponent>

PunchFreeze.cfc

<cfcomponent implements="IPunchAlgorithm">
 
<cffunction name="punch" access="public">
  You have been punched and are now frozen, stuck. Good luck thawing!
</cffunction>
 
</cfcomponent>

IKickAlgorithm.cfc

<cfinterface>
 
<cffunction name="kick" access="public" />
 
</cfinterface>

Kick.cfc

<cfcomponent implements="IKickAlgorithm">
 
<cffunction name="kick" access="public">
  You have been kicked in the gut. Yummy.
</cffunction>
 
</cfcomponent>

Freezer.cfc

<cfcomponent extends="SuperHero">
 
<!--- We are overriding the energyProject from Freezer's parent class.  --->
<cffunction name="energyProject">
  You have been snowed on. 
</cffunction>  
 
</cfcomponent>

Now let’s actually use these the pattern:

run.cfm

<!--- Create context object.  --->
<cfset IceMan = CreateObject( "component", "SuperHero" ).init( Name = "Iceman", Gender = "Male" ) />
 
<!--- Create a strategy #1 for punching.  --->
<cfset PunchStrategy_1 = CreateObject( "component", "Punch" ) />
 
<!--- Create a different strategy for punching.  --->
<cfset PunchStrategy_2 = CreateObject( "component", "PunchFreeze" ) />
 
<!--- Tell the IceMan object that you'll be using the Punch Strategy #2, NOT #1.  --->
<cfset IceMan.setPunchAlgorithm( PunchStrategy_2 ) />
 
 
<!--- Now let's create a kicking strategy... --->
<cfset KickStrategy = CreateObject( "component", "Kick" ) />
 
<!--- ... and now let's tell the IceMan object that you'll be using the Kick Strategy.  --->
<cfset IceMan.setKickAlgorithm( KickStrategy ) />
 
 
<!--- Now let's see some action!  --->
 
<!--- Punch, using the strategy chosen! --->
<cfset IceMan.punchAction() />
 
<!--- Punch, using the strategy chosen! --->
<cfset IceMan.kickAction() />
 
 
<!--- Let's create another SuperHero object. --->
<cfset Frosty = CreateObject( "component", "SuperHero" ).init( Name = "Frosty the Snowman", Gender = "Unknown" ) />
 
<!--- Let's inspect the objects --->
<p>Notice that both objects have different number of methods - only the methods they need. </p>
<cfdump var="#IceMan#" /><hr />
<cfdump var="#Frosty#" /><hr />
 
 
<!--- Let's create another SuperHero object. --->
<cfset Frostman = CreateObject( "component", "Freezer" ).init( Name = "Calvin Hobbes", Gender = "Male" ) />
<cfset Frostman.energyProject() />

You can download all the CF code here with the original Visio diagram source.

TSQL Functions Inspired By ColdFusion’s Lists Functions

Posted by Dan | Posted in ColdFusion, Databases, SQL Server | Posted on 04-27-2010

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In my last project, there was a bit of data scrubbing on the database side (SQL Server 2008) that I decided to create a few UDF’s that function similar to ColdFusion’s Lists function. The one that varies a little bit is ListLen(), since I needed to take into account empty tokens. The ChopIf() was inspired by Perl’s chop() function. These UDFs should be SQL Server 2005-compatible.

I should say though, that some of these functions depend on each other. ListLen(), GetToken(), and ChopIf() are independent.

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------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Functions similarly like ColdFusion ListSort() function,
-- except it currently only sorts strings. 
--
-- Example 1:
--    dbo.ListSort( 'dan is so mega awesome that he rules all the time', 'ASC', ' ' )
--
-- Returns: 
--    all awesome dan he is mega rules so that the time
--
-- Example 2:
--    dbo.ListSort( 'dan is so mega awesome that he rules all the time', 'DESC', ' ' )
--
-- Returns: 
--    time the that so rules mega is he dan awesome all
------------------------------------------------------------------
 
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[ListSort]
(
  @string    VARCHAR(2000),  
  @sort_type CHAR(3)       = 'ASC',
  @delimiter VARCHAR(2000) = ','
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(500)
AS
 
BEGIN
 
  DECLARE @position AS INT
  DECLARE @token AS VARCHAR (2000)
  DECLARE @counter   AS INT
  DECLARE @sortedList AS VARCHAR(500)
 
  DECLARE @sortTempTable TABLE ( token VARCHAR(500) )
  DECLARE @sortedTable   TABLE ( token VARCHAR(500) )  
 
  SELECT @string   = @string + @delimiter,
         @counter  = 1,
         @position = 0,
         @token    = ''
 
  WHILE ( PATINDEX( '%' + @delimiter + '%' , @string ) <> 0 ) 
  BEGIN
    SELECT @position = PATINDEX('%' + @delimiter + '%' , @string ),
           @token    = LEFT( @string, @position - 1 ),
           @string   = STUFF( @string, 1, @position, NULL ),
           @counter  = @counter + 1
 
    INSERT @sortTempTable( token ) VALUES( @token )     
  END
 
  SET @sortedList = ''
 
  -- Let's sort the table and put it into @sortedTable
  -- Because of nature of Rank(), we can't set @sortedList in this statement.
  -- Have to separate it into another select clause.
  INSERT INTO @sortedTable
    SELECT LTRIM( token )
    FROM   @sortTempTable
    ORDER  BY CASE WHEN @sort_type = 'ASC'  THEN ( RANK() OVER ( ORDER BY LTRIM(token) ASC ) )
                   WHEN @sort_type = 'DESC' THEN ( RANK() OVER ( ORDER BY LTRIM(token) DESC ) )
              END  
 
  SELECT @sortedList = @sortedList + token + @delimiter
  FROM   @sortedTable
 
  RETURN dbo.ChopIf( @sortedList, @delimiter )
 
END
GO
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------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Functions sort of like ColdFusion's ListLen() method, but it
-- takes into account empty tokens. 
--
-- Example 1:
--    dbo.ListLen( 'Dan is cool', ' ' )
--
-- Returns: 
--    3
-- 
-- Example 2:
--    dbo.ListLen( 'dan,,very,,,,awesome,', ',' )
--
-- Returns: 
--    8
------------------------------------------------------------------
 
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[ListLen]
(
  @string VARCHAR(2000),
  @delimiter VARCHAR(2000) = ','
)
RETURNS INT
AS
BEGIN
 
  DECLARE @loopCount INT, 
          @tokenCount INT
 
  SELECT @loopCount = 0, 
         @tokenCount = 0
 
  -- If it's an empty string, the list length is 0
  IF DATALENGTH( @string ) = 0
    BEGIN
      SET @tokenCount = 0
    END
  ELSE
    BEGIN
      -- Count tokens, including empty ones like dan,,very,,,,awesome,
      SET @tokenCount = @tokenCount + 1
      WHILE ( @loopCount < DATALENGTH( @string ) )
      BEGIN
        IF SUBSTRING( @string, @loopCount, DATALENGTH( @delimiter ) ) = @delimiter
          BEGIN
            SET @tokenCount = @tokenCount + 1
          END
        SET @loopCount = @loopCount + 1
      END
    END
 
  -- Handle extra count from space being delimiter
  IF @delimiter = ' '
    SET @tokenCount = @tokenCount - 1
 
  -- If there's no token to the right of the last delimiter, then count that
  -- as an empty token.
  IF ( RIGHT( @string, 1 ) = @delimiter ) 
  BEGIN
    SET @tokenCount = @tokenCount + 1
  END
 
  RETURN @tokenCount
 
END
GO
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------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Functions like ColdFusion's ListLast()
-- Gets token value that's been separated by a delimiter.
--
-- Example:
--    dbo.ListLast( 'Dan is cool', ' ' )
--
-- Returns: 
--    cool
------------------------------------------------------------------
 
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[ListLast]
(
  @string VARCHAR(2000),
  @delimiter VARCHAR(2000) = ','
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(2000)
AS
BEGIN
 
  RETURN dbo.ListGetAt( @string, dbo.ListLen( @string, @delimiter ) , @delimiter  )
 
END
GO
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------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Wrapper for GetToken() Function
-- Gets token value that's been separated by a delimiter.
--
-- Example:
--    dbo.ListGetAt( 'Dan is cool', 2, ' ' )
--
-- Returns: 
--    is
------------------------------------------------------------------
 
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[ListGetAt]
(
  @string VARCHAR(2000),
  @token INT,
  @delimiter VARCHAR(2000)
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(2000)
AS
BEGIN
  RETURN dbo.GetToken( @string, @token, @delimiter )
END
GO
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------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Returns the first item in a tokenized list.
--
-- Example:
--    dbo.ListFirst( 'Dan is cool', ' ' )
--
-- Returns: 
--    Dan
------------------------------------------------------------------
 
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[ListFirst]
(
  @string VARCHAR(2000),
  @delimiter VARCHAR(2000) = ','
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(2000)
AS
BEGIN
 
  RETURN dbo.ListGetAt( @string, 1, @delimiter )
 
END
GO
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------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Functions similarly like ColdFusion GetToken() Function.
-- Gets token value that's been separated by a delimiter.
--
-- Example:
--    dbo.GetToken( 'Dan is cool', 2, ' ' )
--
-- Returns: 
--    is
------------------------------------------------------------------
 
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[GetToken]
(
  @string VARCHAR(2000),
  @tokenPosition INT,
  @delimiter VARCHAR(2000)
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(2000)
AS
BEGIN
 
  DECLARE @position AS INT
  DECLARE @token AS VARCHAR (2000)
  DECLARE @counter AS INT
 
  SELECT @string = @string + @delimiter,
         @counter = 1,
         @position = 0,
         @token = ''
 
  WHILE ( PATINDEX('%' + @delimiter + '%' , @string ) <> 0) AND ( @tokenPosition + 1 <> @counter )
  BEGIN
    SELECT @position = PATINDEX('%' + @delimiter + '%' , @string),
           @token    = LEFT(@string, @position-1),
           @string   = STUFF(@string, 1, @position, null),
           @counter  = @counter + 1
  END
 
  RETURN @token
END
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------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Chops the last character if it's @chopped
--
-- Example:
--    dbo.ChopIf( 'Dan is cool!', '!' )
--
-- Returns: 
--    Dan is cool
------------------------------------------------------------------
 
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[ChopIf]
(
  @string VARCHAR(2000),
  @chopped VARCHAR(2000)
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(2000)
AS
BEGIN
 
  IF ( RIGHT( @string, DATALENGTH(@chopped) ) = @chopped )
  BEGIN
    SET @string = LEFT( @string, DATALENGTH( @string ) - DATALENGTH( @chopped ) ) 
  END 
 
  RETURN @string
 
END
GO

IsNumericList() Function

Posted by Dan | Posted in ColdFusion | Posted on 04-03-2010

0

Whipped up this UDF while working on a project. It checks to see if the list is valid to use in a TSQL WHERE IN Clause. I wanted to check for a list of valid positive integers (including 0), ignoring spaces.

<cffunction name="isNumericList" returntype="boolean" hint="Check for either single positive number or a set of positive numbers. Spaces ignored." >
 
  <!--- Useful when inserting into an "IN" TSQL list in the WHERE clause.  --->
 
  <cfargument name="list" required="true">
 
  <cfargument name="delimiter" required="false" default=",">   
 
  <cfset var isNumericList = false />
 
  <cfif REFind( "^(\d+)$|^(([\d\s]+#Arguments.delimiter#)+\s*\d+)$", Trim(Arguments.list) ) >
 
    <cfreturn true >
 
  </cfif>
 
  <cfreturn isNumericList >  
 
</cffunction>

Now let’s test it!

<!--- Dummy Data --->
<cfset dataList = ArrayNew(1) />
<cfset dataList[1] = "456c" />
<cfset dataList[2] = "456" />
<cfset dataList[3] = "45c," />
<cfset dataList[4] = "5,,," />
<cfset dataList[5] = "565,651,34,643232,45" />
<cfset dataList[6] = "454,c,45,5454,32" />
<cfset dataList[7] = "121.45,43,565,1,1,2" />
<cfset dataList[8] = "43,54,65,1," />
<cfset dataList[9] = "67,54,73,436," />
<cfset dataList[10] = ",6565,656,77,32,3" />
<cfset dataList[11] = "" />
<cfset dataList[12] = ",43656" />
<cfset dataList[13] = "4365,  55,31,24,   5,   5  ,1,      34" />

Now let’s use it!

<!--- Use it! --->
<cfoutput>
   <cfloop array="#dataList#" index="i">  
      [#i#] => #isNumericList(i)#<br />
   </cfloop>
</cfoutput>

Results!

[456c] => false
 
[456] => true
 
[45c,] => false
 
[5,,,] => false
 
[565,651,34,643232,45] => true
 
[454,c,45,5454,32] => false
 
[121.45,43,565,1,1,2] => false
 
[43,54,65,1,] => false
 
[67,54,73,436,] => false
 
[,6565,656,77,32,3] => false
 
[] => false
 
[,43656] => false
 
[4365,  55,31,24,   5,   5  ,1,      34] => true

Convert Relative URLs to Absolute

Posted by Dan | Posted in ColdFusion | Posted on 02-19-2010

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I put this ColdFusion UDF together the other day to turn relative URLs to Absolute. Code is pretty straightforward.

<cffunction name="URLRelativeToAbsolute" returntype="string"
  hint="Converts relative URLs in an element and converts to absolute. It includes the http:// protocol prefix.">  
 
  <cfargument name="content" type="string" required="true" hint="HTML content that will be scanned and replaced." />
 
  <cfargument name="domain" type="string" required="true" hint="Add domain name to relative links." />
 
  <cfset var local = StructNew() /> 
 
  <!--- The following regexp handles the following elements: link, a, img, script, form, frame. --->
  <cfset local.contentFixed = REReplaceNoCase( Arguments.content, "(href|src|action)=""/?((\./)|(\.\./)+|)(?=[^http])", "\1=""http://" & domain & "/", "all" ) />  
 
  <!--- The following regexp handles the url() attribute of the background CSS property. --->
  <cfset local.contentFixed = REReplaceNoCase( local.contentFixed, "url\((\s)?(')?/?((\./)|(\.\./)+|)(?=[^http])", "url(\2http://" & domain & "/", "all" ) />  
 
  <cfreturn local.contentFixed />    
 
</cffunction>

Usage:

<cfsavecontent variable="htmlContent">
<textarea name="data" rows="20" cols="60">
  <style>
    body { 
      background-image:url('stars.png');
      background-image:url('../stars.png');
      background-image:url('/stars.png');
      background-image:url('/../../../stars.png');
    }
  </style>
  <a href="../../../images/shiny.jpg">Shiny</a>
  <a href="http://www.google.com">This should not be touched</a>
  <img border="0" src="/images/cool.png" /> 
  <link rel="index" href="../../index.asp">
  <form method="POST" action="cgi/processing.cgi"></form>  
</textarea>
</cfsavecontent>
 
<cfoutput>
 
  #htmlContent#
  #URLRelativeToAbsolute( htmlContent, "www.shinylight.com" )#
 
</cfoutput>

Result:

Read OPML File

Posted by Dan | Posted in ColdFusion, XML | Posted on 01-03-2010

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Whipped out this little script to read an OPML file from Google Reader. Thought it may be handy.

<cfset GoogleOPMLFile = "C:/google-reader-subscriptions.xml" />
 
<cffile action="READ" variable="xml" file="#GoogleOPMLFile#" /> 
 
<cfset xmlDoc = XMLParse(xml) /> 
 
<cfset StartingDataNode = 2 />
 
<cfset Categories = ArrayLen( xmlDoc.opml.xmlChildren[2].XmlChildren ) />
 
<cfoutput>
 
<cfloop index="i" from="2" to="#Categories#">
 
  <strong>#xmlDoc.opml.xmlChildren[StartingDataNode].XmlChildren[i].XmlAttributes.Title#</strong>
  <ul>
  <cfloop index="j" from="1" to="#ArrayLen( xmlDoc.opml.xmlChildren[StartingDataNode].XmlChildren[i].XmlChildren )#">      	    
    <li>
      <a href="#xmlDoc.opml.xmlChildren[StartingDataNode].XmlChildren[i].XmlChildren[j].XmlAttributes.htmlURL#">
      #xmlDoc.opml.xmlChildren[StartingDataNode].XmlChildren[i].XmlChildren[j].XmlAttributes.title#</a>
    </li>      
  </cfloop>
  </ul>
 
</cfloop>
 
</cfoutput>

The code will display as follows:

yUML and ColdFusion

Posted by Dan | Posted in ColdFusion, Python | Posted on 12-29-2009

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I just tried to write a quick script in Python that scans CFCs and generates a yUML URL to diagram. I pointed my script to my root CFC path and I got a 13K strlen URL. I pasted it in the address bar to see what happened and I got the following:

Request-URI Too Large
 
The requested URL's length exceeds the capacity limit for this server.
Apache/2.2.3 (Debian) Phusion_Passenger/2.0.2 Server at Ess000235.gtcust.grouptelecom.net Port 80

I wonder what the limitation is. I suppose I’ll have to do a CFC per diagram and then bind them together somehow. I’m choosing Python so this script can be part of my build script.

Here’s the code so far, which of course, could be optimized:

import re
import os
 
# UML Syntax
# http://yuml.me/diagram/class/[User|Property1;Property2|Method1();Method2()]
# http://yuml.me/diagram/class/
# [
#   User
#   |
#     Property1;
#     Property2
#   |
#     Method1();
#     Method2()
#  ]
 
 
# Master Path
ROOT_PATH = 'C:\\temp\\cf-yuml'
 
def SearchForFile( rootpath, searchfor, includepath = 0 ):
 
  # Search for a file recursively from a root directory.
  #  rootpath  = root directory to start searching from.
  #  searchfor = regexp to search for, e.g.:
  #                 search for *.jpg : \.exe$                     
  #  includepath = appends the full path to the file
  #                this attribute is optional
  # Returns a list of filenames that can be used to loop
  # through.
  #
  # TODO: Use the glob module instead. Could be faster.  
  names = []
  append = ""
  for root, dirs, files in os.walk( rootpath ): 
    for name in files:
      if re.search( searchfor, name ):
        if includepath == 0:
          root = ""          
        else:          
          append = "\\"
        names.append( root + append + name )        
  return names  
 
 
def getCFCInfo ( FILE, path ):
  FILE.seek( 0, 0 )  
  CFCLines = FILE.readlines()
 
  CFCFunctions  = []
  CFCProperties = []
  CFC           = {}
 
  for i in CFCLines:
    # Get names of methods  
    if re.search( "^<cffunction", i , re.IGNORECASE | re.MULTILINE ):    
      CFCFunctions.append( re.search( r'name\s*=\s*"([\w$-]+)"', i, re.DOTALL | re.IGNORECASE).group(1) )
 
  # Get names of properties
    if re.search( "^<cfproperty", i , re.IGNORECASE | re.MULTILINE ):    
      CFCProperties.append( re.search( r'name\s*=\s*"([\w$-]+)"', i, re.DOTALL | re.IGNORECASE).group(1) )     
 
  CFC = { "properties":CFCProperties, "methods":CFCFunctions }  
 
  # Generate URL
  strFunctions  = ""
  strProperties = ""
 
  for i in CFCFunctions:
    strFunctions  += i + "();"
 
  for i in CFCProperties:
    strProperties += i + ";"  
 
  CFCFileName = re.search(r"\\([\w-]+)\.cfc$", path, re.DOTALL | re.IGNORECASE).group(1)  
  return "[" + CFCFileName + "|" + ( strProperties.strip()[:-1] + "|" if strProperties.strip()[:-1] else "" ) + strFunctions.strip()[:-1] + "]"  
 
URL = ""
 
for i in SearchForFile( ROOT_PATH, "\.cfc$", 1 ):
  CFCFile = open( i, "r" )
  URL += getCFCInfo( CFCFile, i ) + ","
  CFCFile.close()
 
URL = URL[:-1]
print "http://yuml.me/diagram/class/" + URL

I’ll keep working on this as time goes on. So far it just goes through all the CFC’s from the path you point to. It will crawl through all sub directories. There’s no relationship between classes, however. Not yet at least.